Understanding Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Teens
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition. This means the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the insulin‑producing cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body makes little or no insulin, a hormone needed to help glucose (sugar) enter the body’s cells for energy. Type 1 diabetes often begins in childhood or adolescence and always requires insulin therapy to keep blood sugar levels in a healthy range. With support, monitoring, and an individualized care plan, children with Type 1 diabetes can lead healthy and active lives.
Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not use insulin well (insulin resistance) or does not make enough insulin. It is influenced by factors such as genetics, weight, and lifestyle. While Type 2 diabetes is more common in adults, it is increasingly seen in older children and teens. Many young people with Type 2 diabetes can manage it through healthy eating, regular physical activity, weight management, and oral medications. Some may also need insulin. Early support and healthy routines can make a big difference in long‑term health.