Vector–Borne Diseases results froman infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding anthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector–borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, malaria and most recently Zika.
Zika virus is spread primarily by the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito. The virus can also be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy. Most people infected with Zika virus are asymptomatic and have mild illness; however, infants who were exposed to the virus in utero are at risk for severe complications.
CONGENITAL ZIKA VIRUS
Congenital Zika virus infection has been linked with birth defects, including brain abnormalities and microcephaly in some newborns. Congenital Zika Syndrome is a unique pattern of birth defects found among fetuses and infants infected with Zika virus during pregnancy.
Congenital Zika Syndrome is described by the following five features:
- Severe microcephaly in which the skull has partially collapsed
- Decreased brain tissue with a specific pattern of brain damage, including subcortical calcifications
- Damage to the back of the eye, including macular scarring and focal pigmentary retinal mottling
- Congenital contractures, such as clubfoot or arthrogryposis
- Hypertonia restricting body movement soon after birth
Zika Exposed Newborns Who Appear Healthy at Birth
Other newborns whose mothers were exposed to Zika virus during pregnancy and appear normal at birth may develop microcephaly or other complications postnatally. Since the full range of health effects of Zika virus on the developing fetus and infant are not yet fully understood, pediatric healthcare providers are urged to remain vigilant for potential problems.